Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Original Articles

Usefulness of BRAF VE1 immunohistochemistry in non–small cell lung cancers: a multi-institutional study by 15 pathologists in Korea: Sunhee Chang, Yoon-La Choi, Hyo Sup Shim, Geon Kook Lee, Seung Yeon Ha; J Pathol Transl Med. 2022;56(6):334-341. Published online October 27, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2022.08.22

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Background
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is an approved test to select patients for BRAF V600E targeted therapy in Korea. However, the high cost, long turnaround times, and the need for sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel limit the use of NGS in daily practice. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a rapid and relatively inexpensive assay available in most laboratories. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate the usefulness of BRAF VE1 IHC in terms of predictive value and interobserver agreement in non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs).
Methods
A total of 30 cases with known BRAF mutation status were selected, including 20 cases of lung adenocarcinomas, six cases of colorectal adenocarcinomas, and four cases of papillary thyroid carcinomas. IHC for BRAF V600E was carried out using the VE1 antibody. Fifteen pathologists independently scored both the staining intensity and the percentage of tumor cell staining on whole slide images.
Results
In the lung adenocarcinoma subset, interobserver agreement for the percentage of tumor cell staining and staining intensity was good (percentage of tumor cell staining, intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.869; staining intensity, kappa = 0.849). The interobserver agreement for the interpretation using the cutoff of 40% was almost perfect in the entire study group and the lung adenocarcinoma subset (kappa = 0.815). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of BRAF VE1 IHC were 80.0%, 90.0%, 88.9%, and 81.8%, respectively.
Conclusions
BRAF VE1 IHC could be a screening test for the detection of BRAF V600E mutation in NSCLC. However, further studies are needed to optimize the protocol and to establish and validate interpretation criteria for BRAF VE1 IHC.

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Dedifferentiated Leiomyosarcoma of the Uterine Corpus with Heterologous Component: Clinicopathological Analysis of Five Consecutive Cases from a Single Institution and Comprehensive Literature Review
Suyeon Kim, Hyunsik Bae, Hyun-Soo Kim
Diagnostics.2024; 14(2): 160. CrossRef
Differentiating BRAF V600E- and RAS-like alterations in encapsulated follicular patterned tumors through histologic features: a validation study
Chankyung Kim, Shipra Agarwal, Andrey Bychkov, Jen-Fan Hang, Agnes Stephanie Harahap, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Kennichi Kakudo, Somboon Keelawat, Chih-Yi Liu, Zhiyan Liu, Truong Phan-Xuan Nguyen, Chanchal Rana, Huy Gia Vuong, Yun Zhu, Chan Kwon Jung
Virchows Archiv.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
BRAF V600E Mutation of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Korean Patients
Hyo Yeong Ahn, Chang Hun Lee, Min Ki Lee, Jung Seop Eom, Yeon Joo Jeong, Yeong Dae Kim, Jeong Su Cho, Jonggeun Lee, So Jeong Lee, Dong Hoon Shin, Ahrong Kim
Medicina.2023; 59(6): 1085. CrossRef
Reevaluating diagnostic categories and associated malignancy risks in thyroid core needle biopsy
Chan Kwon Jung
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2023; 57(4): 208. CrossRef

Comparison of papanicolaou smear and human papillomavirus (HPV) test as cervical screening tools: can we rely on HPV test alone as a screening method? An 11-year retrospective experience at a single institution: Myunghee Kang, Seung Yeon Ha, Hyun Yee Cho, Dong Hae Chung, Na Rae Kim, Jungsuk An, Sangho Lee, Jae Yeon Seok, Juhyeon Jeong; J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(1):112-118. Published online January 15, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.11.29

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Abstract PDF

Background
The decrease in incidence of cervical dysplasia and carcinoma has not been as dramatic as expected with the development of improved research tools and test methods. The human papillomavirus (HPV) test alone has been suggested for screening in some countries. The National Cancer Screening Project in Korea has applied Papanicolaou smears (Pap smears) as the screening method for cervical dysplasia and carcinoma. We evaluated the value of Pap smear and HPV testing as diagnostic screening tools in a single institution.
Methods
Patients co-tested with HPV test and Pap smear simultaneously or within one month of each other were included in this study. Patients with only punch biopsy results were excluded because of sampling errors. A total of 999 cases were included, and the collected reports encompassed results of smear cytology, HPV subtypes, and histologic examinations.
Results
Sensitivity and specificity of detecting high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were higher for Pap smears than for HPV tests (sensitivity, 97.14%; specificity, 85.58% for Pap smears; sensitivity, 88.32%; specificity, 54.92% for HPV tests). HPV tests and Pap smears did not differ greatly in detection of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (85.35% for HPV test, 80.31% for Pap smears). When atypical glandular cells were noted on Pap smears, the likelihood for histologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma following Pap smear was higher than that of high-risk HPV test results (18.8 and 1.53, respectively).
Conclusions
Pap smears were more useful than HPV tests in the diagnosis of HSIL, SCC, and glandular lesions.

Citations

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Challenges in the diagmosis of cervical pathologies
D. Y. Chernov, O. A. Tikhonovskaya, S. V. Logvinov, I. A. Petrov, Y. S. Yuriev, A. A. Zhdankina, A. V. Gerasimov, I. V. Zingalyuk, G. A. Mikheenko
Bulletin of Siberian Medicine.2024; 22(4): 201. CrossRef
Selection of endogenous control and identification of significant microRNA deregulations in cervical cancer
T. Stverakova, I. Baranova, P. Mikyskova, B. Gajdosova, H. Vosmikova, J. Laco, V. Palicka, H. Parova
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Attitudes towards prevention of cervical cancer and early diagnosis among female academicians
Nurhan Doğan, Gamze Fışkın
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research.2022; 48(6): 1433. CrossRef
Role of Self-Sampling for Cervical Cancer Screening: Diagnostic Test Properties of Three Tests for the Diagnosis of HPV in Rural Communities of Cuenca, Ecuador
Bernardo Vega Crespo, Vivian Alejandra Neira, José Ortíz Segarra, Ruth Maldonado Rengel, Diana López, María Paz Orellana, Andrea Gómez, María José Vicuña, Jorge Mejía, Ina Benoy, Tesifón Parrón Carreño, Veronique Verhoeven
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(8): 4619. CrossRef
Utility of Scoring System for Screening and Early Warning of Cervical Cancer Based on Big Data Analysis
Dan Hou, Binjie Yang, Yangdan Li, Ming Sun
Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of Urine and Vaginal Self-Sampling versus Clinician-Based Sampling for Cervical Cancer Screening: A Field Comparison of the Acceptability of Three Sampling Tests in a Rural Community of Cuenca, Ecuador
Bernardo Vega Crespo, Vivian Alejandra Neira, José Ortíz S, Ruth Maldonado-Rengel, Diana López, Andrea Gómez, María José Vicuña, Jorge Mejía, Ina Benoy, Tesifón Parrón Carreño, Veronique Verhoeven
Healthcare.2022; 10(9): 1614. CrossRef
Diagnostic distribution and pitfalls of glandular abnormalities in cervical cytology: a 25-year single-center study
Jung-A Sung, Ilias P. Nikas, Haeryoung Kim, Han Suk Ryu, Cheol Lee
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2022; 56(6): 354. CrossRef
Comparison of Learning Transfer Using Simulation Problem-Based Learning and Demonstration: An Application of Papanicolaou Smear Nursing Education
Jeongim Lee, Hae Kyoung Son
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(4): 1765. CrossRef
Investigating host-virus interaction mechanism and phylogenetic analysis of viral proteins involved in the pathogenesis
Ahmad Abu Turab Naqvi, Farah Anjum, Alaa Shafie, Sufian Badar, Abdelbaset Mohamed Elasbali, Dharmendra Kumar Yadav, Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan, Timir Tripathi
PLOS ONE.2021; 16(12): e0261497. CrossRef
Utility of Human Papillomavirus Testing for Cervical Cancer Screening in Korea
Mee-seon Kim, Eun Hee Lee, Moon-il Park, Jae Seok Lee, Kisu Kim, Mee Sook Roh, Hyoun Wook Lee
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(5): 1726. CrossRef

Intraoperative Frozen Cytology of Central Nervous System Neoplasms: An Ancillary Tool for Frozen Diagnosis: Myunghee Kang, Dong Hae Chung, Na Rae Kim, Hyun Yee Cho, Seung Yeon Ha, Sangho Lee, Jungsuk An, Jae Yeon Seok, Gie-Taek Yie, Chan Jong Yoo, Sang Gu Lee, Eun Young Kim, Woo Kyung Kim, Seong Son, Sun Jin Sym, Dong Bok Shin, Hee Young Hwang, Eung Yeop Kim, Kyu Chan Lee; J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(2):104-111. Published online January 14, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.11.10

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Abstract PDF

Background
Pathologic diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms is made by comparing light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and molecular cytogenetic findings with clinicoradiologic observations. Intraoperative frozen cytology smears can improve the diagnostic accuracy for CNS neoplasms. Here, we evaluate the diagnostic value of cytology in frozen diagnoses of CNS neoplasms.
Methods
Cases were selected from patients undergoing both frozen cytology and frozen sections. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated.
Results
Four hundred and fifty-four cases were included in this retrospective single-center review study covering a span of 10 years. Five discrepant cases (1.1%) were found after excluding 53 deferred cases (31 cases of tentative diagnosis, 22 cases of inadequate frozen sampling). A total of 346 cases of complete concordance and 50 cases of partial concordance were classified as not discordant cases in the present study. Diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative frozen diagnosis was 87.2%, and the accuracy was 98.8% after excluding deferred cases. Discrepancies between frozen and permanent diagnoses (n = 5, 1.1%) were found in cases of nonrepresentative sampling (n = 2) and misinterpretation (n = 3). High concordance was observed more frequently in meningeal tumors (97/98, 99%), metastatic brain tumors (51/52, 98.1%), pituitary adenomas (86/89, 96.6%), schwannomas (45/47, 95.8%), high-grade astrocytic tumors (47/58, 81%), low grade astrocytic tumors (10/13, 76.9%), non-neoplastic lesions (23/36, 63.9%), in decreasing frequency.
Conclusions
Using intraoperative cytology and frozen sections of CNS tumors is a highly accurate diagnostic ancillary method, providing subtyping of CNS neoplasms, especially in frequently encountered entities.

Citations

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Intraoperative Integrated Diagnostic System for Malignant Central Nervous System Tumors
Takahiro Hayashi, Kensuke Tateishi, Shinichiro Matsuyama, Hiromichi Iwashita, Yohei Miyake, Akito Oshima, Hirokuni Honma, Jo Sasame, Katsuhiro Takabayashi, Kyoka Sugino, Emi Hirata, Naoko Udaka, Yuko Matsushita, Ikuma Kato, Hiroaki Hayashi, Taishi Nakamur
Clinical Cancer Research.2024; 30(1): 116. CrossRef
Unveiling the potential application of intraoperative brain smear for brain tumor diagnosis in low-middle-income countries: A comprehensive systematic review
Muhammad Shakir, Ahmed Altaf, Hawra Hussain, Syed Muhammad Aqeel Abidi, Zoey Petitt, Mahnoor Tariq, Ahmed Gilani, S. Ather Enam
Surgical Neurology International.2023; 14: 325. CrossRef
A comparative study of squash smear cytology diagnosis and radiological diagnosis with histopathology in central nervous system lesions
BN Kumarguru, G Santhipriya, SKranthi Kumar, RRamesh Kumar, AS Ramaswamy, P Janakiraman
Journal of Cytology.2022; 39(1): 1. CrossRef
Intraoperative squash cytology provides a qualitative intraoperative diagnosis for cases in which frozen section yields a diagnosis of equivocal brain tumour
Hirotaka Fujita, Takuma Tajiri, Tomohisa Machida, Nozomi Nomura, Suguru Toguchi, Hitoshi Itoh, Shinichiro Hiraiwa, Tomoko Sugiyama, Masaaki Imai, Shinri Oda, Masami Shimoda, Naoya Nakamura
Cytopathology.2020; 31(2): 106. CrossRef
Intraoperative frozen cytology of intraosseous cystic meningioma in the sphenoid bone
Na Rae Kim, Gie-Taek Yie
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2020; 54(6): 508. CrossRef
Use of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid for Confirmation of Lesional Biopsy Sample in Presumed High-Grade Glioma
Victoria L. Watson, Jeffrey W. Cozzens
World Neurosurgery.2019; 132: 21. CrossRef

WITHDRAWN:A Clinicopathologic Study of 220 Cases of Pulmonary Sclerosing Pneumocytoma in Korea: A Nationwide Survey: Myunghee Kang, Seung Yeon Ha, Joung Ho Han, Mee Sook Roh, Se Jin Jang, Hee Jin Lee, Heae Surng Park, Geon Kook Lee, Kyo Young Lee, Jin-Haeng Chung, Yoo Duk Choi, Chang Hun Lee, Lucia Kim, Myoung Ja Chung, Soon Hee Jung, Gou Young Kim, Wan-Seop Kim; Received April 4, 2018 Accepted July 9, 2018 Published online July 16, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.07.10 [Accepted]

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Prognostic Utility of Histological Growth Patterns of Colorectal Lung Oligometastasis: Son Jae Yeong, Min Gyoung Pak, Hyoun Wook Lee, Seung Yeon Ha, Mee Sook Roh; J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(2):98-104. Published online February 12, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.12.27

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Abstract PDF

Background
Patients with resectable colorectal lung oligometastasis (CLOM) demonstrate a heterogeneous oncological outcome. However, the parameters for predicting tumor aggressiveness have not yet been fully investigated in CLOM. This study was performed to determine the prognostic value of histological growth patterns in patients who underwent surgery for CLOM.
Methods
The study included 92 patients who were diagnosed with CLOM among the first resection cases. CLOMs grow according to three histological patterns: aerogenous, pushing, and desmoplastic patterns. The growth patterns were evaluated on archival hematoxylin and eosin–stained tissue sections.
Results
The aerogenous pattern was found in 29.4% (n=27) of patients, the pushing pattern in 34.7% (n=32), the desmoplastic pattern in 6.5% (n=6), and a mix of two growth patterns in 29.4% (n=27). The size of the aerogenous pattern was significantly smaller than that of metastases with other patterns (p=.033). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients showing an aerogenous pattern appeared to have a poorer prognosis, which was calculated from the time of diagnosis of the CLOM (p=.044). The 5-year survival rate from the diagnosis of colorectal cancer tended to be lower in patients with an aerogenous pattern than in those who had a non-aerogenous pattern; however, the difference was marginally significant (p=.051). In the multivariate Cox analysis, the aerogenous pattern appeared as an independent predictor of poor overall survival (hazard ratio, 3.122; 95% confidence interval, 1.196 to 8.145; p=.020).
Conclusions
These results suggest that the growth patterns may play a part as a histology-based prognostic parameter for patients with CLOM.

Citations

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Predicting liver metastases growth patterns: Current status and future possibilities
Rui Caetano Oliveira, Henrique Alexandrino, Maria Augusta Cipriano, Filipe Caseiro Alves, José Guilherme Tralhão
Seminars in Cancer Biology.2021; 71: 42. CrossRef
Histological growth patterns and molecular analysis of resected colorectal lung metastases
Emanuela Pilozzi, Damiano Fedele, Andrea Montori, Laura Lorenzon, Valentina Peritore, Giorgia Mannocchi, Nikta Bagheri, Chiara Leone, Antonio Palumbo, Michela Roberto, Giulio Ranazzi, Erino Rendina, Genoveffa Balducci, Mohsen Ibrahim
Pathology - Research and Practice.2021; 222: 153414. CrossRef

Review

Molecular Testing of Lung Cancers: Hyo Sup Shim, Yoon-La Choi, Lucia Kim, Sunhee Chang, Wan-Seop Kim, Mee Sook Roh, Tae-Jung Kim, Seung Yeon Ha, Jin-Haeng Chung, Se Jin Jang, Geon Kook Lee; J Pathol Transl Med. 2017;51(3):242-254. Published online April 21, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.04.10

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Abstract PDF

Targeted therapies guided by molecular diagnostics have become a standard treatment of lung cancer. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements are currently used as the best predictive biomarkers for EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and ALK inhibitors, respectively. Besides EGFR and ALK, the list of druggable genetic alterations has been growing, including ROS1 rearrangements, RET rearrangements, and MET alterations. In this situation, pathologists should carefully manage clinical samples for molecular testing and should do their best to quickly and accurately identify patients who will benefit from precision therapeutics. Here, we grouped molecular biomarkers of lung cancers into three categories—mutations, gene rearrangements, and amplifications—and propose expanded guidelines on molecular testing of lung cancers.

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miR-92a-3p regulates cisplatin-induced cancer cell death
Romain Larrue, Sandy Fellah, Nihad Boukrout, Corentin De Sousa, Julie Lemaire, Carolane Leboeuf, Marine Goujon, Michael Perrais, Bernard Mari, Christelle Cauffiez, Nicolas Pottier, Cynthia Van der Hauwaert
Cell Death & Disease.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular Pathology of Lung Cancer
James J. Saller, Theresa A. Boyle
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine.2022; 12(3): a037812. CrossRef
Landscape of EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinoma: a single institute experience with comparison of PANAMutyper testing and targeted next-generation sequencing
Jeonghyo Lee, Yeon Bi Han, Hyun Jung Kwon, Song Kook Lee, Hyojin Kim, Jin-Haeng Chung
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2022; 56(5): 249. CrossRef
Molecular biomarker testing for non–small cell lung cancer: consensus statement of the Korean Cardiopulmonary Pathology Study Group
Sunhee Chang, Hyo Sup Shim, Tae Jung Kim, Yoon-La Choi, Wan Seop Kim, Dong Hoon Shin, Lucia Kim, Heae Surng Park, Geon Kook Lee, Chang Hun Lee
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2021; 55(3): 181. CrossRef
TM4SF4 and LRRK2 Are Potential Therapeutic Targets in Lung and Breast Cancers through Outlier Analysis
Kyungsoo Jung, Joon-Seok Choi, Beom-Mo Koo, Yu Jin Kim, Ji-Young Song, Minjung Sung, Eun Sol Chang, Ka-Won Noh, Sungbin An, Mi-Sook Lee, Kyoung Song, Hannah Lee, Ryong Nam Kim, Young Kee Shin, Doo-Yi Oh, Yoon-La Choi
Cancer Research and Treatment.2021; 53(1): 9. CrossRef
The promises and challenges of early non‐small cell lung cancer detection: patient perceptions, low‐dose CT screening, bronchoscopy and biomarkers
Lukas Kalinke, Ricky Thakrar, Sam M. Janes
Molecular Oncology.2021; 15(10): 2544. CrossRef
Cost-effectiveness analyses of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer in the United States: a systematic review
Anthony Yu, Eva Huang, Momoka Abe, Kang An, Sun-Kyeong Park, Chanhyun Park
Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research.2021; 21(3): 381. CrossRef
The expanding capability and clinical relevance of molecular diagnostic technology to identify and evaluate EGFR mutations in advanced/metastatic NSCLC
Parth Shah, Jacob Sands, Nicola Normanno
Lung Cancer.2021; 160: 118. CrossRef
Testing for EGFR Mutations and ALK Rearrangements in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Considerations for Countries in Emerging Markets
Mercedes L Dalurzo, Alejandro Avilés-Salas, Fernando Augusto Soares, Yingyong Hou, Yuan Li, Anna Stroganova, Büge Öz, Arif Abdillah, Hui Wan, Yoon-La Choi
OncoTargets and Therapy.2021; Volume 14: 4671. CrossRef
Treatment of Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Harboring Rare Oncogenic Mutations
Melina E. Marmarelis, Corey J. Langer
Clinical Lung Cancer.2020; 21(5): 395. CrossRef
Detection of Targetable Genetic Alterations in Korean Lung Cancer Patients: A Comparison Study of Single-Gene Assays and Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing
Eunhyang Park, Hyo Sup Shim
Cancer Research and Treatment.2020; 52(2): 543. CrossRef
High prevalence of ROS1 gene rearrangement detected by FISH in EGFR and ALK negative lung adenocarcinoma
Yuyin Xu, Heng Chang, Lijing Wu, Xin Zhang, Ling Zhang, Jing Zhang, Yuan Li, Lei Shen, Xiaoli Zhu, Xiaoyan Zhou, Qianming Bai
Experimental and Molecular Pathology.2020; 117: 104548. CrossRef
An All-In-One Transcriptome-Based Assay to Identify Therapy-Guiding Genomic Aberrations in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Jiacong Wei, Anna A. Rybczynska, Pei Meng, Martijn Terpstra, Ali Saber, Jantine Sietzema, Wim Timens, Ed Schuuring, T. Jeroen N. Hiltermann, Harry. J.M. Groen, Anthonie van der Wekken, Anke van den Berg, Klaas Kok
Cancers.2020; 12(10): 2843. CrossRef
Immunotherapy in EGFR-Mutant and ALK-Positive Lung Cancer
Alexander Gavralidis, Justin F. Gainor
The Cancer Journal.2020; 26(6): 517. CrossRef
Role of Immunocytochemistry in the Cytological Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tumors
Jasna Metovic, Luisella Righi, Luisa Delsedime, Marco Volante, Mauro Papotti
Acta Cytologica.2020; 64(1-2): 16. CrossRef
Molecular Diagnostic Assays and Clinicopathologic Implications of MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutation in Non–small-cell Lung Cancer
Eun Kyung Kim, Kyung A. Kim, Chang Young Lee, Sangwoo Kim, Sunhee Chang, Byoung Chul Cho, Hyo Sup Shim
Clinical Lung Cancer.2019; 20(1): e123. CrossRef
PD‐L1 expression in ROS1‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer: A study using simultaneous genotypic screening of EGFR, ALK, and ROS1
Jongmin Lee, Chan Kwon Park, Hyoung‐Kyu Yoon, Young Jo Sa, In Sook Woo, Hyo Rim Kim, Sue Youn Kim, Tae‐Jung Kim
Thoracic Cancer.2019; 10(1): 103. CrossRef
Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I and Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Coexpression Is an Independent Poor Prognostic Factor in Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
Yeon Bi Han, Hyun Jung Kwon, Soo Young Park, Eun-Sun Kim, Hyojin Kim, Jin-Haeng Chung
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2019; 53(2): 86. CrossRef
Molecular testing for advanced non-small cell lung cancer in Malaysia: Consensus statement from the College of Pathologists, Academy of Medicine Malaysia, the Malaysian Thoracic Society, and the Malaysian Oncological Society
Pathmanathan Rajadurai, Phaik Leng Cheah, Soon Hin How, Chong Kin Liam, Muhammad Azrif Ahmad Annuar, Norhayati Omar, Noriah Othman, Nurhayati Mohd Marzuki, Yong Kek Pang, Ros Suzanna Ahmad Bustamam, Lye Mun Tho
Lung Cancer.2019; 136: 65. CrossRef
Somatic mutations and immune checkpoint biomarkers
Brielle A. Parris, Eloise Shaw, Brendan Pang, Richie Soong, Kwun Fong, Ross A. Soo
Respirology.2019; 24(3): 215. CrossRef
Adverse Event Management in Patients with BRAF V600E-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Dabrafenib plus Trametinib
Anna Chalmers, Laura Cannon, Wallace Akerley
The Oncologist.2019; 24(7): 963. CrossRef
Genetic and clinicopathologic characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma with tumor spread through air spaces
Jae Seok Lee, Eun Kyung Kim, Moonsik Kim, Hyo Sup Shim
Lung Cancer.2018; 123: 121. CrossRef

Original Article

Morphologic Analysis of Cytomegalovirus Infected Cells in Bronchial Washing Cytology: Comparison of Liquid-Based Preparation and Conventional Smear: Jae Yeon Seok, Jungsuk An, Seung Yeon Ha, Dong Hae Chung, Sangho Lee, Hyunchul Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(2):147-154. Published online February 15, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.12.25

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Background
The cytopathic effects of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection have been well described since the virus was first reported; however, the morphology of CMV infection has not been clearly studied. We examined the difference in detailed cytologic findings in bronchial washing cytology between liquid-based and conventionally prepared smears. Methods: Bronchial washing cytology was processed using either the conventional preparation (CP) or liquid-based preparation (LBP). Sixty-nine cells with typical cytopathic effects of CMV infection were detected on CP slides and 18 cells on LBP slides. Using the image analyzer, area, circumference, major axis, and minor axis of the cytoplasm, nucleus, and intranuclear inclusion were measured in singly scattered CMV-infected cells, and histiocytes were used as a control. Results: The mean cytoplasmic area of CMV-infected cells was 1.47 times larger than that of histiocytes in CP and 2.92 times larger in LBP (p<.05). The mean nuclear area of CMV-infected cells was 2.61 times larger than that of histiocytes in CP and 4.25 times larger in LBP (p<.05). The nucleus to cytoplasm ratio and intranuclear inclusion to cytoplasm ratio of the mean area, circumference, major axis, and minor axis in CP were larger than those in LBP (p<.05). Conclusions: The sizes of cytoplasm, nucleus, and intranuclear inclusion were larger in LBP than in CP, indicating that CMV-infected cells are easily detectable in LBP. However, the nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio was larger in CP, suggesting that differentiation from malignancy or regenerative atypia requires caution in CP.

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Tissue Pathogens and Cancers: A Review of Commonly Seen Manifestations in Histo- and Cytopathology
Tzy Harn Chua, Lavisha S Punjabi, Li Yan Khor
Pathogens.2021; 10(11): 1410. CrossRef
Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in the Lower Respiratory Tract: A Cytopathologist's Perspective
Rebecca J. Baldassarri, Deepika Kumar, Stephen Baldassarri, Guoping Cai
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine.2019; 143(6): 683. CrossRef

Case Study

Rare Case of Anal Canal Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma Associated with Perianal and Vulvar Pagetoid Spread: Na Rae Kim, Hyun Yee Cho, Jeong-Heum Baek, Juhyeon Jeong, Seung Yeon Ha, Jae Yeon Seok, Sung Won Park, Sun Jin Sym, Kyu Chan Lee, Dong Hae Chung; J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(3):231-237. Published online October 8, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.08.08

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Abstract PDF

A 61-year-old woman was referred to surgery for incidentally found colonic polyps during a health examination. Physical examination revealed widespread eczematous skin lesion without pruritus in the perianal and vulvar area. Abdominopelvic computed tomography showed an approximately 4-cm-sized, soft tissue lesion in the right perianal area. Inguinal lymph node dissection and Mils’ operation extended to perianal and perivulvar skin was performed. Histologically, the anal canal lesion was composed of mucin-containing signet ring cells, which were similar to those found in Pagetoid skin lesions. It was diagnosed as an anal canal signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) with perianal and vulvar Pagetoid spread and bilateral inguinal lymph node metastasis. Anal canal SRCC is rare, and the current case is the third reported case in the English literature. Seven additional cases were retrieved from the world literature. Here, we describe this rare case of anal canal SRCC with perianal Pagetoid spread and provide a literature review.

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A Case of Prostatic Signet-Ring Cell-like Carcinoma with Pagetoid Spread and Intraductal Carcinoma and Long-Term Survival: PD-L1 and Mismatch Repair System Proteins (MMR) Immunohistochemical Evaluation with Systematic Literature Review
Nektarios Koufopoulos, Argyro-Ioanna Ieronimaki, Andriani Zacharatou, Alina Roxana Gouloumis, Danai Leventakou, Ioannis Boutas, Dionysios T. Dimas, Adamantia Kontogeorgi, Kyparissia Sitara, Lubna Khaldi, Magda Zanelli, Andrea Palicelli
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2023; 13(6): 1016. CrossRef
Anal canal adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine features accompanying secondary extramammary Paget disease, successfully treated with modified FOLFOX6: a case report
Masamichi Yamaura, Takeshi Yamada, Rei Watanabe, Hitomi Kawai, Suguru Hirose, Hiroki Tajima, Masashi Sato, Yuichi Uchida, Daisuke Suganuma, Yoshiyuki Yamamoto, Toshikazu Moriwaki, Ichinosuke Hyodo
BMC Cancer.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Solitary left axillary lymph node metastasis after curative resection of carcinoma at the colostomy site: a case report
Ken Imaizumi, Shigenori Homma, Tadashi Yoshida, Tatsushi Shimokuni, Hideyasu Sakihama, Norihiko Takahashi, Hideki Kawamura, Emi Takakuwa, Akinobu Taketomi
Surgical Case Reports.2016;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Article

Comparison of Cytologic Characteristics between Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma and Adenoid Basal Carcinoma in the Uterine Cervix: Juhyeon Jeong, Seung Yeon Ha, Hyun Yee Cho, Dong Hae Chung, Jungsuk An; J Pathol Transl Med. 2015;49(5):396-402. Published online August 17, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.07.08

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Abstract PDF

Background
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and adenoid basal carcinoma (ABC) are rare in the uterine cervix. ACC is more aggressive than ABC, thus accurate differential diagnosis is important. In this study, we identified cytologic features useful in distinguishing these two tumors for diagnosis. Methods: Three cases of ACC and five cases of ABC were selected for this study. Cervicovaginal smear slides were reviewed retrospectively, and the area, circumference, major axis, and minor axis of nuclei were measured using an image analyzer. Results: ACC displayed three-dimensional clusters with a small acini pattern. ABC displayed peripheral palisading without an acini pattern. The nuclei of ACC were more irregular and angulated than those of ABC, and the former showed a coarsely granular chromatin pattern. The nucleic area, circumference, major axis, and minor axis were 18.556±8.665 µm², 23.320±11.412 µm, 5.664±1.537 µm, and 4.127±1.107 µm in ACC and 11.017±4.440 µm², 15.920±5.664 µm, 4.612±1.025 µm, and 3.088±0.762 µm in the cases of ABC. All measured values showed statistically significant difference (p < .001). Conclusions: Although the nuclei of both of these tumor types were oval shaped, inferred from the ratio of minor axis to major axis (0.728 in ACC and 0.669 in ABC), the area of nuclei was approximately 1.7 times larger in ACC than in ABC. Distinguishing nucleic features, including area, morphology, and chromatin pattern, may be helpful in making a correct diagnosis.

Citations

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Adenoid Basal Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: A Case Report
Tatsuya Kanuma, Keiko Kigure, Tosio Nishimura, Yuji Ibuki, Shigeru Tsuchida, Harumi Kamiyama, Misa Iijima, Kazuto Nakamura
The KITAKANTO Medical Journal.2016; 66(1): 11. CrossRef

Brief Case Report

A Case of Primary Subpleural Pulmonary Microcystic Myxoma Coincidentally Occurred with Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma: Jungsuk Ahn, Na Rae Kim, Seung Yeon Ha, Keun-Woo Kim, Kook Yang Park, Yon Mi Sung; J Pathol Transl Med. 2015;49(3):274-278. Published online May 15, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.03.12

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Endobronchial Myxoma
Arindam Mukherjee, Ritesh Agarwal, Sahajal Dhooria, Pawan Singh, Amanjit Bal, Harkant Singh, Inderpaul S. Sehgal
Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology.2018; 25(4): 335. CrossRef

Review

Utility of Transmission Electron Microscopy in Small Round Cell Tumors: Na Rae Kim, Seung Yeon Ha, Hyun Yee Cho; J Pathol Transl Med. 2015;49(2):93-101. Published online March 12, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2015.01.30

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Small round cell tumors (SRCTs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms composed of small, primitive, and undifferentiated cells sharing similar histology under light microscopy. SRCTs include Ewing sarcoma/peripheral neuroectodermal tumor family tumors, neuroblastoma, desmoplastic SRCT, rhabdomyosarcoma, poorly differentiated round cell synovial sarcoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, small cell osteosarcoma, small cell malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, and small cell schwannoma. Non-Hodgkin’s malignant lymphoma, myeloid sarcoma, malignant melanoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor may also present as SRCT. The current shift towards immunohistochemistry and cytogenetic molecular techniques for SRCT may be inappropriate because of antigenic overlapping or inconclusive molecular results due to the lack of differentiation of primitive cells and unavailable genetic service or limited moleculocytogenetic experience. Although usage has declined, electron microscopy (EM) remains very useful and shows salient features for the diagnosis of SRCTs. Although EM is not always required, it provides reliability and validity in the diagnosis of SRCT. Here, the ultrastructural characteristics of SRCTs are reviewed and we suggest that EM would be utilized as one of the reliable modalities for the diagnosis of undifferentiated and poorly differentiated SRCTs.

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Electron Microscopy in the Context of a Children's Research Hospital
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Primary bilateral corneal nerve sheath neoplasm in a dog
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The Continuing Value of Ultrastructural Observation in Central Nervous System Neoplasms in Children
Na Rae Kim, Sung-Hye Park
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2015; 49(6): 427. CrossRef

Brief Case Reports

Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Lip in an Adult with Clear Cell Features: Jae Yeon Seok, Juhyeon Jeong, Young Woo Cheon, Hyun Yee Cho, Seung Yeon Ha, Dong Hae Chung; J Pathol Transl Med. 2015;49(1):81-84. Published online January 15, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2014.06.03

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Bilateral Stafne Bone Cavity in the Anterior Mandible with Heterotopic Salivary Gland Tissue: A Case Report: Hyunchul Kim, Jae Yeon Seok, Sangho Lee, Jungsuk An, Na Rae Kim, Dong Hae Chung, Hyun Yee Cho, Seung Yeon Ha; Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(3):248-249. Published online June 26, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.3.248

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Bilateral Stafne Bone Cavity in the Body of the Mandible: An Unusual Case Report and Literature Review
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Stafne's bone cavity – unusual presentation in the anterior mandible
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Anterior stafne bone cyst mimicking periapical cyst: a case report
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Original Articles

Uncommon and Rare Human Papillomavirus Genotypes Relating to Cervical Carcinomas: Na Rae Kim, Myunghee Kang, Soon Pyo Lee, Hyunchul Kim, Jungsuk An, Dong Hae Chung, Seung Yeon Ha, Hyun Yee Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(1):43-49. Published online February 25, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.1.43

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Abstract PDF

Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an oncogenic virus in cervical cancer and most invasive carcinomas (ICs) are caused by HPV16 and 18. However, the roles and contributions of other uncommon and rare genotypes remain uncertain.

Methods

HPV genotypes were retrospectively assessed using an HPV DNA chip that can specify up to 32 HPV genotypes. We arbitrarily regarded genotypes accounting for less than 6% of the total as uncommon and rare genotypes.

Results

A total of 3,164 HPV-positive cases were enrolled. In groups 2A, 2B, 3, and unclassified HPV genotypes, 2.4% of cases with uncommon HPV genotypes (68, 26, 34, 53, 66, 69, 70, 73, 40, 42, 43, 44, 54, 55, 61, 62, 6, and 11) showed high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and ICs. There were no HPV32- and 57-infected cases.

Conclusions

We found that the uncommon and rare HPV genotypes may provide incremental etiologic contributions in cervical carcinogenesis, especially HPV68, 70, and 53. Further studies on these uncommon and rare HPV genotypes will be of importance in establishing the significance of genotypes in different regions, especially in planning a strategy for further vaccine development as well as follow-up on the effectiveness of the currently used vaccines.

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Human Papillomavirus (HPV69/HPV73) Coinfection associated with Simultaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anus and Presumed Lung Metastasis
Stephanie Shea, Marina Muñoz, Stephen C. Ward, Mary B. Beasley, Melissa R Gitman, Michael D Nowak, Jane Houldsworth, Emilia Mia Sordillo, Juan David Ramirez, Alberto E. Paniz Mondolfi
Viruses.2020; 12(3): 349. CrossRef
Human Papillomavirus Selected Properties and Related Cervical Cancer Prevention Issues
Saule Balmagambetova, Andrea Tinelli, Ospan A. Mynbaev, Arip Koyshybaev, Olzhas Urazayev, Nurgul Kereyeva, Elnara Ismagulova
Current Pharmaceutical Design.2020; 26(18): 2073. CrossRef
Periungual Bowen's disease with a narrow longitudinal melanonychia mimicking periungual warts
Taiyo HITAKA, Michiko HASEGAWA, Akira SHIMIZU, Yuko KURIYAMA, Atsushi TAMURA
Skin Cancer.2019; 33(3): 211. CrossRef
Detection of HPV RNA molecules in stratified mucin-producing intraepithelial lesion (SMILE) with concurrent cervical intraepithelial lesion: a case report
Shiho Fukui, Kazunori Nagasaka, Naoko Iimura, Ranka Kanda, Takayuki Ichinose, Takeru Sugihara, Haruko Hiraike, Shunsuke Nakagawa, Yuko Sasajima, Takuya Ayabe
Virology Journal.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Pitfalls of commercially available HPV tests in HPV68a detection
Hana Jaworek, Katerina Kubanova, Vladimira Koudelakova, Rastislav Slavkovsky, Jiri Drabek, Marian Hajduch, Craig Meyers
PLOS ONE.2019; 14(8): e0220373. CrossRef
Overall accuracy of cervical cytology and clinicopathological significance of LSIL cells in ASC‐H cytology
S. H. Kim, J. M. Lee, H. G. Yun, U. S. Park, S. U. Hwang, J.‐S. Pyo, J. H. Sohn
Cytopathology.2017; 28(1): 16. CrossRef
Human papillomavirus genotyping by Linear Array and Next-Generation Sequencing in cervical samples from Western Mexico
María Guadalupe Flores-Miramontes, Luis Alberto Torres-Reyes, Liliana Alvarado-Ruíz, Salvador Angel Romero-Martínez, Verenice Ramírez-Rodríguez, Luz María Adriana Balderas-Peña, Verónica Vallejo-Ruíz, Patricia Piña-Sánchez, Elva Irene Cortés-Gutiérrez, Lu
Virology Journal.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of human papillomavirus coinfections on the risk of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and cervical cancer
Adela Carrillo-García, Sergio Ponce-de-León-Rosales, David Cantú-de-León, Verónica Fragoso-Ontiveros, Imelda Martínez-Ramírez, Asunción Orozco-Colín, Alejandro Mohar, Marcela Lizano
Gynecologic Oncology.2014; 134(3): 534. CrossRef
Human papillomavirus 66‐associated subungual squamous cell carcinoma
Jin Hee Kang, Hwa young Ahn, Miri Kim, Shin Taek Oh, Baik Kee Cho, Hyun Jeong Park
The Journal of Dermatology.2014; 41(12): 1119. CrossRef

Altered Expression of PTEN and Its Major Regulator MicroRNA-21 in Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors: Hyoun Wook Lee, Seung Yeon Ha, Mee Sook Roh; Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(1):17-23. Published online February 25, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.1.17

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Abstract PDF

Background

Phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome ten (PTEN) is one of the most frequently inactivated tumor suppressors in various tumor types. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) may affect tumor progression by post-transcriptional repression of expression of tumor suppressors, such as PTEN. This study was conducted to evaluate the significance of PTEN expression in pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) tumors and to analyze the relationship between PTEN and miR-21 expressions.

Methods

Expressions of PTEN and miR-21 were investigated by immunohistochemistry and real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively, in 75 resected pulmonary NE tumors (23 typical carcinoids [TCs], nine atypical carcinoids [ACs], 22 large cell NE carcinomas [LCNECs], and 21 small cell lung carcinomas [SCLCs]).

Results

Loss of PTEN expression was observed in four of 23 TCs (17.4%), four of nine ACs (44.4%), 16 of 22 LCNECs (72.7%) and nine of 21 SCLCs (42.9%) (p=.025). The expression level of miR-21 was significantly higher in high-grade NE carcinomas than in carcinoid tumors (p<.001). PTEN expression was inversely correlated with miR-21 expression (p<.001).

Conclusions

This study suggests that aberrant expression of PTEN in relation to miR-21 may represent an important step in the development and progression of pulmonary NE tumors.

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microRNA-21 promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by the PI3K/β-catenin pathway
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